Soal Simak UI 2014 Bahasa
Inggris (1)
(1) More
often than not, disagreements are based not on differences in reasoning, but in
the values, assumptions, or information brought to bear. (2) If we believe that
all politicians are crooks, we will infer that a specific politician’s actions
are scurrilous. (3) If we believe that politicians act for the good of all, we
will look for some benefit in their actions. (4) Either way, we will try to use
reason to explain the actions. (5)We will look for some coherent explanation as
a way ofmaking sense of things. (6) As we saw earlier, if we can understand why
someone would do something, why someone might say something, why someone might
act in a certain way, we feel we have made sense of the act or statement. (7)
It’s like a murder trial: if we can put together opportunity, motive, and
means, we can make a case. (8) The more evidencewe have before us, and the more
carefullywe reason, the more valid our inferences. (9) Our inferences are not
based on evidence. (10) This principle is also relevant in reading a text.
41. Which of the following sentences is
irrelevant?
(A) Sentence 3
(B) Sentence 5
(C) Sentence 7
(D) Sentence 8
(E) Sentence 9
42. The following paragraph most likely
discusses ... .
(A) valid evidence and reasons for
reading a text
(B) explanation on the principle of
reading a text
(C) the relevance of the principle in
text reading
(D) valid principle to infer a reading
text
(E) differences in reasoning and
inferencing
There are
two common misinterpretations associated with the process of natural selection.
The first involves the phrase survival of the fittest. Individual survival is
certainly important because those that do not survive will not reproduce. But
themore important factor is the number of __43__ an organism leaves. An
organism that survived for many years but has not reproduced has not
contributed any of its genes to the next generation and so has been selected
against. The key,__44__, is not survival alone but survival and reproduction of
the more fit organisms. Second, the phrase struggle for life does not
necessarily refer to open conflict and fighting. It is usually much more subtle
than that. When a resource such as nesting material or food is in short supply,
some individuals survive and reproduce more effectively than others. For
example, many birds require holes in trees as nesting places. If these are in
short supply, some birds will be fortunate and find a good nesting site, others
will occupy less suitable holes, and some may not find any. There may or may
not be fighting for __45__ of a site. If a site is already occupied, a bird may
not necessarily try to __46__ its occupant but just continue to search for
another site. Those that successfully occupy good nesting sites will be more __47__
in raising young than will those that must occupy poor sites or that do not
find any.
43. ...
(A) dependents
(B) branches
(C) newborns
(D) descendants
(E) children
44. ...
(A) however
(B) otherwise
(C) therefore
(D) moreover
(E) furthermore
45. ...
(A) possess
(B) possessive
(C) possessing
(D) possession
(E) possessively
46. ...
(A) dispatch
(B) dislodge
(C) dismay
(D) disorientate
(E) dislocate
47. ...
(A) success
(B) succeed
(C) succeeded
(D) successful
(E) successfully
Is it true
that animals tell us about bad weather is coming? If your dog always comes
inside right before it rains, you may think that animals can predict the
weather. You might hear that cats get frisky as kittens when a bad storm is
approaching. It’s probably more accurate to say that animals react to certain
environmental signals that accompany weather changes, not to the weather it
self.
A prevalent
opinion is that animals can detect certain events, like earthquakes, as soon as
they happen, even if the originating event is a great distance away. While this
ability wouldn’t make much of a difference to people at the scene of the
disaster, it could conceivably assist those located farther from the
epicenter. Some researchers even believe animals may be able to sense the precursors
to these events before they actually strike. They are saying that animals make
greater use of their existing five senses, especially when compared to humans.
However, hard evidence of this is extremely limited;most of the evidence is
anecdotal.
The most
critical sense is hearing. There are some sounds people can’t hear. On the low
end of the scale are infrasonic, low-pitched sound vibrations on the hertz
frequency scale falling below 20 hertz (Hz). On the other end are high-pitched
sounds, like dog whistles. People typically hear in a range between 20 and
20,000 Hz (middle-aged adults usually don’t hear beyond 12,000 or 14,000 Hz).
Elephants, however, generally hear between 16 and 12,000 Hz. Cattle also start
hearing sound at 16 Hz, but can continue to hear all the way to 40,000 Hz. And
earthquake shockwaves and ocean waves produce sounds in the infrasonic range.
Some
researchers think certain animals, like elephants, get an early earthquake
warning because they can sense shockwaves in the ground through their large
feet. They don’t hear the sound but they do sense distant, unfamiliar
vibrations rolling in that terrify them into fleeing for safety. How animals,
not just elephants, sense these vibrations is generally unknown. Researchers are
examining different organs, body parts and nerve chains in a variety of species
that may be able to pick up sound vibrations that humans just can’t sense.
This theory
could also account for the just-in-time-reactions of other animals with less
acute hearing just prior to the tsunami. Researchers note that infrasonic sound
produces uneasiness and nausea in people. Animals may perceive these sound vibrations
as dangerous and instinctively seek safety.
48. The most appropriate title for this
passage is ... .
(A) Animal Behaviors
(B) ClimateWeatherWarnings
(C) Signs of Storms
(D) Animal Ability to PredictWeather
(E) Animals in BadWeather
49. The word "conceivably" in
paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ... .
(A) indescribably
(B) possibly
(C) thoughtfully
(D) carefully
(E) exactly
50. All of the following statements
about animals behavior prior to bad weather are stated in the text, EXCEPT ...
.
(A) Elephants will fly to find refuge.
(B) Dogs will lie quietly outside the
door.
(C) Cats will roam the house impatiently.
(D) Dogs will find refuge in the house.
(E) Kittens will jump around the house.
51. According to the passage, the bad
weather warnings shown by the animals ... .
(A) are very helpful to people in the
area
(B) help to allocate the center of disaster
(C) don’t exist at all and are only
hoaxes
(D) come from all five senses of the
animals
(E) may be useful for people in areas
far from the epicenter
52. The passage is most likely found in
a ... .
(A) popular science magazine
(B) weather review
(C) natural alarmtext
(D) warning sign booklet
(E) vet handbook
(1) Current
wisdom inclines toward the view that disasters are not exceptional events. (2)
They tend to be repetitive and to concentrate in particular places. (3) With
regard to natural catastrophes, seismic and volcanic belts,
hurricane-generating areas and unstable slopes are well known. (4)Moreover, the
frequency of events and therefore their statistical recurrence intervals are often
fairly well established at least for the smaller and more frequent occurrences.
(5) Many technological hazards also follow more or less predictable patterns,
although these may become apparent onlywhen research reveals them. (6) Finally,
intelligence gathering, strategic studies, and policy analyses can help us to
understand __54__. (7) Thus, there is little excuse for being caught unprepared.
(8) The main
scope of emergency planning is to reduce the risk to life and limb posed by
actual and potential disasters. (9) Secondary motives involve reducing damage, ensuring
public safety during the aftermath of a disaster, and caring for survivors and
the __55__. (10) Inefficiencies in planning are translated very easily into
loss of life, injuries, or damage that could have been avoided. (11) Thus,
emergency planning is at least a moral, and perhaps also a legal,
responsibility for all those __56__ are involved with the safety of the public
or employees. (12)Moreover, planning cannot be successfully improvised during
emergencies; this represents one of the worst forms of inefficiency and most
likely sources of error and confusion. (13)Fortunately, however, 50 years of
intensive research and accumulated experience have furnished an ample basis for
planning.
(14) Given
that disasters tend to be repetitive events, they __57__ a cycle that can be
divided into phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and delivery,
including reconstruction. (15) The first two stages occur before catastrophe
strikes and the last two afterwards. (16) The actions taken differ for each of
the periods, as different needs are tackled. (17)Mitigation comprises all
actions designed __58__ of future disasters. (18) These are usually divided
into structural measures and non-structural measures, which include land-use
planning, insurance, legislation, and evacuation planning. (19) The term
preparedness refers to actions taken to ease the impact of disasters when they
are forecast. (20) They also include security measures, such as the evacuation
of vulnerable populations and sandbagging of river levees as flood-waters begin
to rise. (21) Response refers to emergency actions taken during __59__. (22)
The principal emphasis is on saving human lives. (23) Victims are rescued and the
immediate needs of survivors are attended to. (24) Recovery is the process of
repairing damage, restoring services, and reconstructing facilities after
disaster has struck. (25) While major catastrophes __60__ take as long as 25
years to recover, much less time is needed in lighter impacts or disasters that
strike smaller areas.
53. The sentence "When a known
significant risk exists, failure to plan can be taken as culpable
negligence." should come after ... .
(A) sentence 5
(B) sentence 7
(C) sentence 11
(D) sentence 13
(E) sentence 17
54. ...
(A) resulting from the pattern of
emergencies conflict and insurgence
(B) the pattern of emergencies from
conflict and insurgence resulting
(C) the pattern of emergencies from
resulting conflict and insurgence
(D) the pattern of emergencies
resulting from conflict and insurgence
(E) resulting the pattern of
emergencies from conflict and insurgence
55. ...
(A) disadvantage
(B) disadvantaged
(C) disadvantaging
(D) to disadvantage
(E) to be disadvantaged
56. ...
(A) which
(B) whose
(C) whom
(D) who
(E) why
57. ...
(A) will form
(B) has formed
(C) form
(D) formed
(E) are forming
58. ...
(A) to avoid the impact
(B) to expand the impact
(C) to restrict the impact
(D) to discontinue the impact
(E) to reduce the impact
59. ...
(A) both the impact of a disaster and
the short-termaftermath
(B) either the impact of a disaster nor
the short-term aftermath
(C) neither the impact of a disaster or
the short-term aftermath
(D) the impact of a disaster to the
short-term aftermath
(E) both the impact of a disaster
rather than the short-termaftermath
60. ...
(A) must
(B) has to
(C) should
(D) may
(E)
had better
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