Soal Simak UI 2015 Bahasa Inggris
(1)Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. (2) It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence yet having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development. (4) Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. (5) Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of child development. (6) Developmental change may occur as a result of genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of environmental factors and learning, butmost commonly involves an interaction between the two. (7) Itmay also occur as a result of human nature and our ability to learn from our environment.
41. Which sentence is irrelevant to the topic of the passage?
(A) Sentence 2
(B) Sentence 3
(C) Sentence 4
(D) Sentence 5
(E) Sentence 6
42. The following paragraph most likely discusses ... .
(A) what genetic factors affect child development
(B) each developmental stage
(C) how children adjust to their environment
(D) emotional changes that might occur in a child
(E) stages in child development
In rapidly growing cities such as Beijing and New Delhi, air pollution has become so severe that respiratory disease is on the rise. Thick blankets of smog are often a byproduct of economic growth, which results inmore vehicles on the road and more burning of fossil fuels. The bad air can indeed be deadly; __43__, outdoor air pollution, both in cities and rural areas, prematurely killed 3.7 million people worldwide in 2012, according to the World Health Organization. With two-thirds of the population expected to live in cities by 2050, the need to ease urban pollution is particularly __44__. Los Angeles offers an example of what cities
can do to reduce pollution. Long notorious for its smog, the city has seen some air __45__ decline by 98 percent over the past 50 years, even though an increasing population has used more gasoline. Rules to make cars and fuels cleaner helped achieve the reductions, __46__ the city still struggles with air quality issues. In 2014, Los Angeles saw an uptick in smog due to heat and drought, suggesting the fight against air pollution __47__ a challenge for cities dealing with both climate change and population growth.
43. ... .
(A) however
(B) as a result
(C) for example
(D) in addition
(E) similarly
44. ... .
(A) harsh
(B) acute
(C) strict
(D) difficult
(E) dangerous
45. ... .
(A) pollutants
(B) pollution
(C) polluted
(D) polluter
(E) pollute
46. ... .
(A) likewise
(B) however
(C) moreover
(D) therefore
(E) such as
47. ... .
(A) stays
(B) keeps
(C) lingers
(D) prevails
(E) remains
A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the night time, with problems such as noise and dirt, which could be improved with information from Twitter. At least this is what Enrique and Vanessa FrÃas-MartÃnez believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica Research and the University of Maryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land use. Enrique FrÃas-MartÃnez explained that geolocalized tweets can be a very useful source of information for planning since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who provide information on where they are at a specific time and what they are doing. The researcher points out that thanks to the increased use of smartphones, social networks like Twitter and Facebook have made it possible to access and produce information ubiquitously. These networks generate tagswith the event’s geolocation. The new technique "automatically determines land uses in urban areas by grouping together geographical regions with similar patterns of Twitter activity," says the researcher. Using aggregate activity of tweets, the FrÃas-MartÃnez siblings have studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London. In the first two cases they identified four uses: residential, business, daytime leisure (mainly parks and tourist areas) and nightlife areas. The study has determined that, in Madrid, night-time tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on weekdays. On the other hand, London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure areas.
48. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Many people like to use geolocation tags on Twitter.
(B) Information from social networks can be accessed universally.
(C) Geolocalized tweets can be useful for urban planning.
(D) Complex patterns of Twitter activities can finally be identified.
(E) Problems concerning urbanism are often neglected and forgotten.
49. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the study?
(A) It shows that people in London mostly tweet in daytime leisure areas.
(B) The focus of the study is land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London.
(C) Residential, business, daytime leisure and nightlife areas could be identified.
(D) Manhattan and Madrid’s night-time tweet activities are concentrated differently.
(E) The researchers could identify four land uses in Manhattan,Madrid and London.
50. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ... .
(A) compare Facebook and Twitter users in terms of geolocation tags.
(B) argue that social networks do not necessarily reflect users’ activities.
(C) persuade people to stop using geolocation tags to protect their privacy.
(D) informthe possible use of Twitter data for studying and planning land use.
(E) illustrate the urgency of solving various problems concerning urban planning.
51. This text would probably be found in ... .
(A) a popular science magazine
(B) a brochure
(C) an academic journal
(D) a newsletter
(E) a tabloid
52. The tone of this passage is ... .
(A) harsh
(B) neutral
(C) critical
(D) didactic
(E) satirical
Deforestation is clearing Earth’s forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but swaths the size of Panama are lost each and every year. The world’s rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred years at the current rate of deforestation. Forests are cut down for many reasons. Yet, most of them __53__ to people’s need to provide for their families. The biggest driver of deforestation is agriculture. Farmers cut forests to provide more room for __54__. Often small farmers will each clear a few acres to feed their families by cutting down trees and burning them in a process known as "slash and burn" agriculture.
Logging operations, which provide the world’s wood and paper products, also cut countless trees each year. Loggers, some of __56__ are acting illegally, also build roads to access remote forests—which leads to further deforestation. Forests are also cut as a result of growing urban sprawl. Not all deforestation is intentional. Some is caused by a combination of human and natural factors like wildfires and subsequent overgrazing. Regardless of the causes, deforestation has many negative effects on the environment. The most dramatic impact is __57__. Seventy percent of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes.
Deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking tree cover they quickly dry out. Trees also help __58__ the water cycle by returning water vapor back into the atmosphere. Trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. Fewer forests mean larger amounts of greenhouse gases __59__ the atmosphere—and increased speed and severity of global warming.
53. ... .
(A) are related
(B) are relating
(C) relate
(D) to be related
(E) to be relating
54. ... .
(A) building schools and hospitals
(B) planting crops or grazing livestock
(C) keeping wild animals in captivity
(D) channeling water to their rice fields
(E) nurturing seeds and keeping poultry
55. The italicized phrase in paragraph 3 mean ... .
(A) the number of trees cut down for wood to build urban houses
(B) the number of people who move from villages to cities increases
(C) uncontrolled expansion of urban areas
(D) there are more and more people living in slump areas in big cities
(E) forests are changed into farming and industrial areas
56. ... .
(A) whom
(B) where
(C) which
(D) whose
(E) when
57. ... .
(A) species loss formillions of habitat
(B) millions of species for loss habitat
(C) millions of habitat for species loss
(D) a loss of species for millions of habitat
(E) a loss of habitat for millions of species
58. ... .
(A) perpetuating
(B) perpetuated
(C) perpetuate
(D) to be perpetuating
(E) to be perpetuated
59. ... .
(A) enter
(B) to enter
(C) entered
(D) entering
(E) to be entering
60. The sentence ’Without trees to fill these roles, many former forest lands can become barren deserts.’ Should be ... .
(A) the last sentence of paragraph 3
(B) the last sentence of paragraph 4
(C) the last sentence of paragraph 6
(D) the first sentence of paragraph 7
(E) the last sentence of paragraph 7
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