_______________
To some extent the comparison is apt, and to a degree it is helpful in
understanding what an actor does when he is creating and performing a role.
With his kings and queens, his cowboys and Indians, or his spacemen, the child
projects himself into a make-believe world. From his imagination—triggered by
his own experience, limited though it may be—he provides circumstances of time,
place, and relationships between the characters. He then proceeds to behave,
that is, to speak and to perform physical actions, in a manner that he believes
is appropriate to these circumstances. If the game is to prove interesting,
these circumstances must provide a reason for carrying out the actions. He has
to rescue the princess from the enchanted castle, or rid the town of dangerous
bandits, or get his spaceship into orbit without being detected by the enemy. A
child with imagination can become involved in such a game to the extent that it
has for him a degree of reality, and he may become resentful of adults who
intrude into his make-believe world.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 41 sampai nomor 42.
41. The paragraph
should begin with ____
(A) Children are
similar to excellent actors.
(B) Artists are
similar to children.
(C) Acting is often
compared to children’s make-believe games.
(D) Creativity and
games are the foundation of acting.
(E) Actors and
children have many things in common.
42. The paragraph
following the above most likely discusses _____.
(A) children’s vast
imagination
(B) the privacy of
make-believe world of children
(C) adults’ resentful
reaction toward children’s imagination
(D) examples of games
which may be taken as reality by children
(E) how to restrict children’s
imagination
The
unmistakable buzz of a bumblebee is one of the quintessential sounds of British
summertime. However, this slender sound and faint utterance is under threat
because bumblebees are in crisis. Of the 25 species native to Britain, three
have already been declared extinct, five are designated UK Biodiversity Action
Plan priority species, and many more have undergone major range contractions.
The great yellow bumblebee, Bombus distinguendus, for example, is now
restricted to northern Scotland, Orkney and the Hebrides, and the shrill carder
bee, Bombus sylvarum, which was once common throughout southern Britain, now
exists only in seven small groups. In addition, as these populations become
more isolated they can become inbred, which increases the risk of further
extinctions.
At
the end of summer all the bumblebees in a colony die, apart from the virgin
queens who mate and then leave the nest to hibernate over winter. In the spring
a queen will make a new nest, lay eggs and then raise the first batch of workers.
This annual cycle depends on there being enough pollen and nectar to sustain
the queen as she establishes her nest and team of workers as the colony grows.
Pollen is a protein-rich fuel that is key to helping over-wintered queens to kickstart
their reproductive systems ready and for the development of larvae. Nectar, on
the other hand, is a sugar-rich fuel which is converted to honey to feed adult
bees. The bees make honey by adding to the nectar in their honey sacs an enzyme
called invertase, which converts sucrose sugars to a mixture of glucose and
fructose. Once the workers are developed, they take over the foraging and the
queen concentrates on laying eggs. Later in the year, if the colony has been
successful and reaches a large enough size, the queen will produce male eggs
and some female eggs are raised as new queens.
A
lack of resources is thought to be the critical factor that is affecting
bumblebee populations, and it is related to the loss of wild flowers, both in
the countryside and in vast areas of suburban gardens. The biggest impact has
been the availability of food and drink, in particular the continuity of
supplies throughout the colony cycle. Although nectar is available from a wide
range of plants, the bees can be much more choosy about where they collect
pollen from, sometimes restricting this to very few flowering plants. In
Scotland, overwintered queens of the declining and beautiful bilberry bumblebee
focus on bilberry in spring. Other species may focus on legumes such as red
clover and bird’s-foot trefoil. Sadly, because the UK has lost 98% of its
flower-rich grasslands, this has been devastating for some bumblebee species.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 43 sampai nomor 47.
43. What is the best
title of the passage?
(A) The Bumblebees’
Life Cycle
(B) The Different
Bumblebee Species
(C) A Drop in
Bumblebees Population
(D) The
Responsibilities of a Bumblebee Queen
(E) The Impacts of the
Loss of the UK’s Grasslands
44. What can be
inferred from the passage about the lifecycle of bumblebees?
(A) The new workers
are brought up by the male bees.
(B) Bumblebees
hibernate throughout winter to survive.
(C) The virgin queens
survive the summer and then continue the reproduction.
(D) All the bumblebees
in a colony die when summer ends.
(E) The continuation
of the lifecycle depends on the skill of the queens in collecting food.
45. The word
’undergone’ in line 4 can best be replaced by ____.
(A) dealt with
(B) confronted
(C) estimated
(D) experienced
(E) coped with
46. Which of the
following statements about the passage is FALSE?
(A) When the colony
has been thriving and reached a sufficient size, the queen will lay male eggs.
(B) Some female eggs
are laid to produce new queen bees.
(C) The declining population
of bumblebees has been attributed to the inadequate food resource.
(D) Nectar and pollen
are still widely available even for the choosy species of bumblebees.
(E) A large percentage
of the UK area has lost its ability to supply food for bumblebees.
47. Why did the writer
mention the queens of bilberry bumblebee?
(A) To describe how a
bumblebee may look like
(B) To give example of
bees which can survive the winter
(C) To show one
species of bees whose food resource is declining
(D) To give an example
of a species of bumblebees which is declining
(E) To give an example
of bees which are very selective about source of pollen
Bungee
jumping might seem frightening. But it is a very safe __(48)__ if you go to a
well-established bungee jump company. People who work for bungee operators
usually have a great deal of training and experience. They use very strong and
carefully made rubber ropes. They choose a rope based on the jumper’s body
weight. This is so they can
manage how much the
rope stretches __(49)__ the person falls. The rope that is attached through a
harness device tied around the jumper’s ankles. Often, operators use a body
harness as well. This is so that you have twice the protection in case one
harness breaks. Good bungee operators make sure the __(50)__ is in excellent
condition. They should also do several checks to make sure all ropes, harnesses
and ties are correctly attached. It is important to remember that this sport is
not safe for everyone. People who have high blood pressure or a heart condition
__(51)__ try jumping. People with back or knee injuries or who suffer from
epilepsy should also avoid this sport. And remember, __(52)__ you do not feel
like experiencing it yourself, you can always watch other people jump.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 48 sampai nomor 52.
48. ...
(A) actor
(B) action
(C) activator
(D) activity
(E) activation
49. ...
(A) when
(B) unless
(C) after
(D) before
(E) so that
50. ...
(A) thing
(B) equipment
(C) machine
(D) tool
(E) utensil
51. ...
(A) don’t have to
(B) would rather not
(C) should not
(D) cannot
(E) might not
52. ...
(A) if
(B) unless
(C) after
(D) despite
(E) whether
The
issue of whether we should allow marine parks to stay open has been widely
debated in our community recently. It is an important issue because it __(54)__
fundamental moral and economic questions about the way we use our native
wildlife.
It
has been argued that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the
public to see marine mammals (Smith, 1992). Most Australians, so this argument
goes, live in cities and never get to see these animals. It is claimed that marine
parks allow the average Australian to appreciate our marine wildlife. However,
as Smith states, dolphins, whales and seals can be viewed in the wild at a
number of places on the Australian coast. In fact, there are more places where they
can be seen in the wild than places where they can be seen in captivity.
Moreover, most Australians would have to travel less to get to these locations
than they would have to get to the marine parks on the Gold Coast. In addition,
places where there are wild marine mammals do not charge an exorbitant entry
fee - __(56)__ free
Dr
Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, contends
__(57)__ we need marine parks for scientific research (The Age, 19.2.93). She
argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals comes from studies which
were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at marine
parks, so this argument goes, can be useful for planning for __(58)__. However,
as Jones (1991) explains, park research is only useful for understanding captive
animals and is not useful for learning about animals in the wild. Dolphin and
whale biology changes in marine park conditions. Their diets are different,
they have significantly lower life spans and they are __(59)__. In addition, marine
mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of
social behaviour are changed. Therefore, research __(60)__ at marine parks is
generally not reliable.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 53 sampai nomor 60
53. This sentence
"A variety of different arguments have been put forward about this
issue." should be ....
(A) the first sentence
of paragraph 1
(B) the last sentence
of paragraph 1
(C) the last sentence
of paragraph 2
(D) the first sentence
of paragraph 3
(E) the last sentence
of paragraph 3
54. ....
(A) has concerned
(B) is concerning
(C) will concern
(D) concerns
(E) concerned
55. The word ’can’ in
paragraph 2 is used to express ....
(A) possibility
(B) ability
(C) certainty
(D) advice
(E) permission
56. ....
(A) it is
(B) we are
(C) they are
(D) others are
(E) one is
57. ....
(A) how
(B) why
(C) when
(D) where
(E) that
58. ....
(A) the mammal
conservation of marine species
(B) the conservation
of marine mammal species
(C) the mammal marine
species conservation
(D) the species
conservation of marine mammal
(E) the conservation
from the species of marine Mammal
59. ....
(A) more prone to
disease
(B) more immune to
medicine
(C) more resistant to
natural food
(D) more affected by
weather changes
(E) more touched by
different social behaviour
60. ....
(A) undertakes
(B) undertaking
(C) undertaken
(D) to undertake
(E) to be undertaking
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