The
real reasons why bombs were dropped on two heavily-populated cities, Hiroshima
and Nagasaki, are not altogether clear. A number of people in 1944 and early
1945 argued that the use of nuclear weapons would be unnecessary, since
American Intelligence was aware that some of the most powerful and influential
people in Japan had already realized that the war was lost, and wanted to
negotiate a Japanese surrender. It was also argued that, since Japan has few
natural resources, a blockade by the American navy would force it to surrender
within a few weeks, and the use of nuclear weapons would thus prove
unnecessary. If a demonstration of force was required to end the war, a bomb
could be dropped over an unpopulated area like a desert, in front of Japanese
observers, or over an area of low population inside Japan, such as a forest.
Opting for this course of action might minimize the loss of further lives on
all sides, while the power of nuclear weapons would still be adequately
demonstrated.
41. The topic of the passage is ____.
(A) The unnecessary
use of nuclear bombs in Japan by America
(B) The reasons why
Americans dropped nuclear bombs in Japan
(C) Minimizing the
loss of life when Americans used nuclear weapons
(D) Force
demonstration by the American Navy to end World War II
(E) Japanese loss and
American victory in Asia duringWorld War II
42. The preceding
paragraph discusses ________.
(A) The creation of
nuclear weapon
(B) Loss and gain in
war
(C) The demonstration
of force in Japan
(D) The bombing of
Japan
(E) The reasons why
Americans were involved in war
Unlike
organized sports, what is generally called recreation in the United States is
not expected to encourage competition. For this reason, it is more spontaneous
and serves the individual’s needs beyond the competitive world of work.
Nevertheless, much can be learned about the values of Americans from an
examination of kinds of recreation in which they engage.
Many
Americans prefer recreation that requires a high level of physical activity.
This is true of the three fastest growing adult recreational sports: jogging or
running, tennis, and snow skiing. It would seem that Americans carry over their
belief in hard work into their world of play and recreation. The well-known
expression “we like to work hard and play hard” is an example of this
philosophy. What began in the 1970s as the “physical fitness craze” has become
a way of life for many. A number of people regularly work out at sports clubs –
lifting weight, swimming, playing squash or racquetball, participating in
aerobic exercise classes, or using bikes, treadmills, rowing machines, or
stair-steppers. Long distance marathon races are so popular that the organizers
often have to limit the number of people who can participate. In addition to
the famous Boston and New York marathons, there are races in many other cities
and even in small towns, drawing from several hundred to as many as 80,000
participants. Few of the people expect to win – most just want to finish the
race. The races are usually open to all, young and old alike, even those in
wheelchairs.
The
high level of physical activity enjoyed by many Americans at play has led to
the observation that Americans ave difficulty relaxing, even in their leisure
time. Yet the people who enjoy these physical activities often say that they find
them very relaxing mentally because the activity is so different from the kind
of activity they must do in the world of work, often indoor office work
involving mind rather than body.
43. An appropriate title for this passage is
______.
(A) Recreation as a
Hobby for Americans
(B) The American
Philosophy of Life
(C) Recreation for
Self-Improvement
(D) The American
Philosophy of Recreation
(E) Recreation: A
Popular Sport in the US.
44. What can be
inferred from the well-known expression “we like to work hard and play hard”?
(A) Americans always
do everything with maximal physical effort.
(B) Every aspect of
American life involves physical and mental activities.
(C) Because of the
demands of their work, Americans have no time to relax.
(D) Americans believe
enjoying leisure time is as important as working hard.
(E) Americans are
likely to balance physical and mental needs with serious effort.
45. Why does the
writer say that Americans never seem to relax?
(A) Americanswork so
hard, they don’t have leisure time.
(B) Americans believe
they must do everything seriously.
(C) Americans like
recreation involving high physical activity.
(D) Americans spend a
lot of their time working in the office.
(E) Americans are
crazy about high physical activities.
46. Which of the
following is TRUE according to the passage?
(A) Americans who have
competitive jobs prefer sports that are competitive too.
(B) What Americans do
for recreation reflects what they believe is important in life.
(C) The "physical
fitness craze" was a short-lived American phenomenon of the 1970s.
(D) Long distance
marathon races attract mostly people living in urban areas.
(E) Being so used to
working hard, American have difficulty getting involved in leisure activities.
47. This text is
probably found in ______.
(A) an advertisement
of health care
(B) an article in a
scientific journal
(C) an article on
American lifestyle
(D) an article in a
medical journal
(E) a tourism guide
book
The
Internet, a global network of networks, connects over twenty millions users
each day in ___ 48 ___ fifty countries worldwide to more than thirty million
computers. With a thousand new computers being added each day, the ___ 49 ___
for scholarship as well as international-related research is clear : the very
nature of the Internet creates an environment in which information is shared
with colleagues in cross- ___ 50 ___ research throughout the globe. The Internet’s
interactive nature often plays a ___ 51 ___ role in the discussion of original
results or findings, providing a venue in which scholars from around the world
can participate in the reassessing and even the shaping of information in
longer and more cohesive whole. ___ 52 ___ much of the information being shared
has a scholarly component, the opportunity for professionals to learn from
others is enormous.
48. ...
(A) excessively
(B) normally
(C) approximately
(D) implicitly
(E) entirely
49. ...
(A) imply
(B) implied
(C) implicate
(D) impliedly
(E) implication
50. ...
(A) disciplinary
(B) sectional
(C) current
(D) bred
(E) border
51. ...
(A) form
(B) format
(C) formational
(D) formative
(E) formatively
52. ...
(A) Until
(B) Since
(C) After
(D) Therefore
(E) Besides
53. Santi: How was the
food in that restaurant? I heard it cost a fortune.
Budi: ______
(A) I agree with you
absolutely!
(B) I was fortunate to
eat in that restaurant.
(C) The food was great
and so was the price.
(D) The food was okay,
but I had barely enough money to pay the bill.
(E) The food was more
expensive than the price on the menu.
54. Woman: Your sister
didn’t recognize me at first.
Man: I’m not
surprised.
What does the speaker imply?
(A) He thinks his
sister doesn’t know the woman.
(B) He thinks the
woman has changed a lot.
(C) He thinks his
sister is mistaken.
(D) He agrees with his
sister.
(E) He thinks it is an
unusual situation.
55. Corporations,
companies ______ by many stockholders rather than by a single proprietor, began
to play an important economic role in the late nineteenth century.
(A) own
(B) owned
(C) owning
(D) to be owned
(E) to be owning
56. _____ students
studying in a foreign country are provided with information about literacy
practices and academic culture of that country, they will feel stranded in that
academic environment.
(A) As
(B) In order that
(C) Unless
(D) As soon as
(E) Where
57. Dani was extremely
tired when he arrived, because he _________ for his flight for three hours.
(A) waited
(B) was waiting
(C) had waited
(D) had been waiting
(E) had been waited
58. Ferry: Nine of
Indonesia’s main rivers are contaminated with dangerously high levels of carbon
dioxide.
Dita: I think the government
____ the dumping of industrial chemicals and agriculture and domestic waste by
strictly implementing the law.
(A) had better prevent
(B) must have
prevented
(C) would rather
prevent
(D) should have been
preventing
(E) could prevent
59. The term ’rock’,
____ a shortened form of ’rock-and-roll’, was coined by an American broadcaster
to replace ’rhythm-and-blues’.
(A) it is
(B) which is
(C) for which
(D) which it is
(E) is
60.
Unless the government succeeds in significantly reducing the rate of poverty,
child-labor will continue to exist.
From
the above sentence we may conclude that
____.
(A) the government has
so far not yet succeeded in eliminating child-labor
(B) having reduced the
rate of poverty, the government eliminated child labor
(C) many children are
still working even though their parents are no longer poor
(D) as there are no
government programs to help the poor, child-labor still exist
(E) the increase in
the rate of child-labour has an influence on the rate of poverty
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