Delivering
medicine to the world’s poorest people is a challenge. Hot, poor places such as
Tanzania have many microbes but microscopic health budgets. Dangerous myths
deter many sick rural folk from seeking medical help. Even if they do seek
help, it is often unavailable, for they do not have the money to pay for it,
and their government rarely has the money to give it to them for free. Because
they cannot afford adequate health care, poor people are sick a lot of the time.
And because they are sick a lot of the time, they find it hard to put in the
long hours of productive labour that might make them less poor.
All
hope is not lost, however. A recent experiment in Tanzania has shown that a
small health budget can go a long way, provided that the money is spent with
care. With the help of a Canadian charity, the Tanzanian health ministry set up
a health project in two rural districts, with a combined population of about
700,000. Five years ago, annual health spending in Tanzania was about 8 a head.
This figure included an estimate for the annual cost of trained staff. The charity
added 2 a head to the pot, on condition that it was spent rationally. By this,
the donors meant that the amount of money spent on fighting a particular
disease should reflect the burden that disease imposed on the local population.
This
may sound obvious; however, in this region, no one had a clue which diseases
caused the most trouble, so the first task was to find out. Researchers were
sent out to carry out a door-to-door survey, asking representative households
whether anyone had been ill or died recently, and if so with what symptoms.
These raw numbers were then crunched to produce a ‘burden of disease’ profile
for the two districts. In other words, researchers sought to measure how many
years of life were being lost to each disease, including the damage done to
families when breadwinners die.
They
then compared their results with the amount spent by the local health authorities
on each disease and found that it bore no relation whatsoever to the harm which
the disease inflicted on local people. Some diseases were horribly neglected,
such as malaria, which accounted for 30% of the years of life lost but only 5%
of the health budget. Other conditions, meanwhile, attracted more than their
fair share of cash. Tuberculosis, which accounted for less than 4% of years of
life lost, received 22% of the budget.
This
tiny infusion of cash from the Canadians, in the form of an extra 2 a head, was
enough to allow the districts health authorities to make their spending reflect
the disease burden. The results of all this were stunning. Infant mortality
fell by 28% between 1999 and 2000 and the proportion of children dying before
their fifth birthday dropped by 14%.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 41 sampai nomor 45.
41. What can be
inferred from paragraph 1?
(A) People in African
countries do not go to doctors due to perilous myth.
(B) The budget for
health in Tanzania is lowas there aren’t many diseases.
(C) When people in
Tanzania are sick, they have no hope to recover.
(D) In Tanzania
medical treatment is accessible for the poor.
(E) Poverty and
illness in Tanzania are like a vicious cycle.
42. The most suitable
title for the text is _____
(A) The Effects of an
Aid Package from a Canadian Charity
(B) The General Health
Condition of Tanzanian People
(C) A Survey on the
Health Condition in Tanzania
(D) The Difference a
Small Increase in a Tiny Health Budget can Make
(E) Deadly and
Virulent Diseases Found among the Tanzanian
43. The term a ‘burden
of disease’ in paragraph 3 means _____.
(A) the worse the
disease the more the burden
(B) the relative
effects of different diseases on a society
(C) a disease is burdensome
for the poor
(D) each society and
family has its own burden caused by disease
(E) a disease affects
not only the sick but also the breadwinner.
44. The purpose of the
writer in writing this article is probably to _____.
(A) show how generous
foreign institutions can be in helping other countries
(B) persuade other
countries to copy the Tanzanian model
(C) showhowthe money
is spent is more important than how much is spent
(D) explain the types
of diseases people can find in Tanzania
(E) invite donors to
donate money to countries in need of cash
45. Which of the
following statements about the text is FALSE?
(A) The additional
amount donated by the Canadian charity was carefully spent.
(B) The budget
allocated for each person included the training cost for the medical staff.
(C) The presence of
myth in Tanzania may have discouraged people to go to doctors.
(D) A serious disease
probably affected not only the patient but also the family.
(E) The amount of
budget allocated to each disease depended on how harmful a disease was.
Recent
technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles have overcome
some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle,
divers often become sluggish and their mental concentration becomes limited.
Because of undersea pressure which affected their speech organs, communication
among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make
observations by means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples
taken from the water. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not only
by divers but also by deep-diving submarines. Some of these submarines can dive
to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of thousand feet.
Radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit
information back to land-based laboratories.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 46 sampai nomor 47.
46. Which of the
following statements is the most suitable concluding sentence of the paragraph?
(A) In short, the
technology in undersea exploration should be improved.
(B) Therefore, divers
should avoid undersea pressure to be able to communicate.
(C) In fact,
deep-diving submarines are the best means for oceanographers to conduct
undersea explorations.
(D) To conclude, it is
the radios divers use to communicate that makes the underseae xploration
successful.
(E) Thus, successful
communication in the exploration of ocean greatly depends on the divers and
vehicles.
47. The main idea of
the passage tells us the reasons why _____ .
(A) undersea vehicles
were not well-equipped for explorations
(B) recent exploration
of the ocean has proved to be successful
(C) high technology
for undersea exploration was not implemented earlier
(D) divers could not
communicate well with land-based laboratories
(E) deep-diving
submarines can send information to divers in the laboratories
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 48 sampai nomor 55.
48. Sinta: I used to
love going to Puncak over the weekend.
Luli: _____
(A) I love Puncak too.
(B) So, where do you
go now?
(C) That’s great. Why
don’t we go next week?
(D) So, you still
enjoy going to Puncak?
(E) Why do you like it
so much?
49. Dani was extremely
tired when he arrived, because he _________ for his flight for three hours.
(A) waited
(B) was waiting
(C) had waited
(D) had been waiting
(E) had been waited
50. _____ students
studying in a foreign country are provided with information about literacy
practices and academic culture of that country, they will feel stranded in that
academic environment.
(A) As
(B) In order that
(C) Unless
(D) As soon as
(E) Where
51. Bambang : Business
people complain that there is a sharp increase of Chinese products flooding the
Indonesian market.
Yudi : It _____ due to
the last year’s trade agreement between Indonesia and China.
(A) must be
(B) has to be
(C) would be
(D) should be
(E) would rather be
52. The term ’rock’,
____ a shortened form of ’rock-and-roll’, was coined by an American broadcaster
to replace ’rhythm-and-blues’.
(A) it is
(B) which is
(C) for which
(D) which it is
(E) is
53. “I would rather
have graduated from the University of New York last year.” This sentence means
that I _____ from the University of Yew York last year.
(A) wouldn’t graduate
(B) won’t graduate
(C) don’t graduate
(D) didn’t graduate
(E)
haven’t graduated
54. _____ known as the
country of Timor Leste was once part of Indonesia.
(A) That is now
(B) What is now
(C) Now is
(D) That now
(E) What now
55. “Had there been
good teaching facilities in the school, every teacher would have been able to
teach their students effectively”.
From the sentence
above, we can conclude that _____.
(A) teaching and
learning will be effective
(B) the quality of
teaching was good
(C) there was no
difference in the teaching method
(D) the teachers
taught the students effectively
(E) there were no good
teaching facilities in the school
The
option of home schooling has been around for a long time; ___(56)___, until recently
it had not been so popular. The idea of home schooling seems like a cure-all to
many parents due to the advantages this type of education provides over
traditional schools. Children who are home schooled can ___(57)___ many of the
problems schools have become known for. For one, the environment is less
threatening. Children can learn without ___(58)___ other students, aggressive
or nasty teachers, and be under the constant supervision of parents.
___(59)___, home schooling allows parents to dictate the academic course of
their children. Home schooling also allows students to proceed at their own speed.
If a child is weak at ___(60)___, a parent can focus lessons on this skill in
favor of another skill that the child might grasp rather easily.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 56 sampai nomor 60.
56. ...
(A) even though
(B) in addition
(C) however
(D) whereas
(E) in other words
57. ...
(A) encounter
(B) pursue
(C) ignore
(D) avoid
(E) break
58. ...
(A) scaring
(B) feared
(C) fear of
(D) afraid of
(E) fearing
59. ...
(A) Therefore
(B) However
(C) Thus
(D) So
(E) In addition
60. ...
(A) multiplying
(B) multiple
(C) multiply
(D) multiplication
(E) multiplied
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